| Monarchy of Brazil | |
|---|---|
| Former Monarchy | |
| Imperial | |
| Imperial coat of arms | |
| Pedro II | |
| First monarch | Manuel I (as King) |
| Last monarch | Pedro II (as Emperor) |
| Style | His Majesty |
| Monarchy started | 22 April 1500 |
| Monarchy ended | 15 November 1889 |
| Current pretender | Disputed: Prince Pedro Carlos (Petrópolis Branch) Prince Luís (Vassouras Branch) |
The Monarchs of Brazil were the rulers of Brazil from the time of the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500 until 1889. There are three main stages in the dynastical history of Brazil: Colonial Brazil as part of the Kingdom of Portugal (1500–1815), the Kingdom of Brazil (1815–1822) united with Portugal, and the independent Empire of Brazil (1822–1889).
The Portuguese officially arrived in Brazil on 22 April 1500 and based on the Treaty of Tordesilhas, it became a possession of Portugal. The Kings of Portugal then were the Monarchs over Brazil until the invading army of Napoleon I forced the Portuguese government to flee to Brazil in 1807. On 16 December 1815 the prince regent John, the future king John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning Queen, the first Monarch of Brazil. Having proclaimed independence from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of John VI, was crowned Emperor of Brazil on 1 December 1822.
Contents |
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Manuel I | 31 May 1469 - 13 December 1521 (aged 52) | 22 April 1500 | 13 December 1521 | Aviz-Beja | ||
John III
|
7 June 1502 - 11 June 1557 (aged 55) | 13 December 1521 | 11 June 1557 | Son of Manuel I | Aviz-Beja | |
Sebastian I
|
20 January 1554 - c. 4 August 1578 (aged 24) | 11 June 1557 | 4 August 1578 | Grandson of John III | Aviz-Beja | |
| Henry | 31 January 1512 - 31 January 1580 (aged 68) | 4 August 1578 | 31 January 1580 | Son of Manuel I | Aviz-Beja | |
| Philip I | 21 May 1527 - 13 September 1598 (aged 71) | 1581 | 13 September 1598 | Grandson of Manuel I | Habsburg | |
| Philip II | 14 April 1578 - 31 March 1621 (aged 42) | 13 September 1598 | 31 March 1621 | Son of Philip I | Habsburg | |
| Philip III | 8 April 1605 - 17 September 1665 (aged 60) | 31 March 1621 | 1 December 1640 | Son of Philip II | Habsburg | |
| John IV | 18 March 1603 - 6 November 1656 (aged 53) | 1 December 1640 | 6 November 1656 | Illegitimate descendant in the male-line from John I (founder of the House of Aviz) Great-great-grandson of Manuel I |
Braganza | |
| Afonso VI | 21 August 1643 - 12 September 1683 (aged 40) | 6 November 1656 | 12 September 1683 | Son of John IV | Braganza | |
| Peter II | April 26, 1648 - December 9, 1706 (aged 58) | 6 November 1683 | 9 December 1706 | Son of John IV | Braganza | |
| John V | October 22, 1689 - July 31, 1750 (aged 60) | 9 December 1706 | 31 July 1750 | Son of Peter II | Braganza | |
| Joseph I | 6 June 1714 - 24 February 1777 (age 62) | 31 July 1750 | 24 February 1777 | Son of John V | Braganza | |
| Maria I | 17 December 1734 - 20 March 1816 (aged 81) | 24 February 1777 | 16 December 1815 | Daughter of Joseph I | Braganza |
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Maria I | 17 December 1734 - 20 March 1816 (aged 81) | 16 December 1815 | 20 March 1816 | Brazil elevated to the status of kingdom united with Portugal | Braganza | |
| John VI | 13 May 1767 - 10 March 1826 (aged 58) | 20 March 1816 | 7 September 1822 | Son of Maria I | Braganza |
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
| Pedro I[1] | 12 October 1798 - 24 September 1834 (aged 35) | 12 October 1822 | 7 April 1831 | Son of John VI. Declared Brazilian independence and was acclaimed as the new country's first monarch. | Braganza | |
| Pedro II | 2 December 1825 - 5 December 1891 (aged 66) | 7 April 1831 | 15 November 1889 | Son of Pedro I | Braganza |